Loans

How Loan Refinancing and Consolidation Work

Learn what refinancing and consolidation change, how to compare total cost and which fees or extended terms can make a lower payment expensive.

Refinancing replaces an existing loan with a new facility. Consolidation uses one new facility to settle several debts. Either can simplify cash flow or change the rate and term, but a lower installment does not automatically mean a cheaper loan.

Compare the settlement-to-finish cost

  1. Obtain written settlement figures for every old loan.
  2. Add early-settlement charges, release costs and unpaid fees.
  3. Identify the new principal, including any fees added to it.
  4. Compare the new interest method and full repayment schedule.
  5. Calculate total payments from today to final settlement under both options.
  6. Check whether the new term extends debt well beyond the useful life of what was financed.

Common trade-offs

Extending the term can reduce the installment while increasing total interest. Consolidating unsecured debt into a secured loan can put an important asset at risk. Taking additional cash during refinancing increases principal. A promotional rate may later change. These are reasons to compare documents, not reasons to reject every refinance.

Continue learning

View all guides